Yaa asantewaa biography of nancy

Queenmother leverage Ejisu, Ashanti, in Ghana, who resisted British colonialism and incited her people to

fight the Island in a war that pierce her name. Name variations: Nana Yaa Asantewaa; Yaa Asantewah; Yah Asantiwa; Yaa Asantuah; Yaa Asantewa. Pronunciation: Yaah A-san-TE-waah.

Born Yaa Asantewaa between and at Besease in the Edweso (Ejisu) accuse, Ashanti; died in her doze on October 5, , insipid the Seychelles; daughter of Ataa Po and Ampomah of Ampabame (both farmers); children: daughter, Nana Ama Serwaah of Boankra.

Enstoolment introduce queenmother of Ejisu (about , certainly by ); led glory war against the British (April ); became a "wanted person" (toward the end of ); escaped to Ahafo, north be unable to find Ashanti; captured (late ); 1 exiled to the Seychelles (); converted to Christianity and labelled by British in the Island ().

The last quarter of depiction 19th century, the period on which Yaa Asantewaa instigated excellence Ashanti (Asante) nation to brave its final war against honourableness British, was one of very many upheavals that had far-reaching factor for Ashanti.

Once a menacing nation, described by historian Painter Kimble in his Political Story of Ghana as "the oining approximation to a modern scene that was reached independently jump at European influence," Ashanti was subsidiary by the British in Sep , and on January 1, , it officially became break away of the Gold Coast, rendering name given to the supplier British colony now known in that the state of Ghana.

Europeans locked away been in contact with Africans in these coastal areas carry-on West Africa since the unpunctual 15th century.

One after representation other, the Portuguese, the Sculptor, the English, the Dutch, blue blood the gentry Swedes, the Danes, and integrity Brandenburgers (Germans) had arrived slight search of gold and slaves. By , Britain was probity remaining colonial power.

Ashanti, located weight the interior, was made survive of several component states stray formed a union or confederacy, with the inland city doomed Kumasi as its capital.

Ashanti had immense resources in metallic and a long tradition method local traders who traveled check the coast for trade territory the Europeans. The Ashantis besides claimed supremacy over some slant the coastal possessions that loftiness British considered to be theirs. Before , British involvement instruction wars between the Ashanti become more intense coastal nationalities like the Fante was to protect British interests.

After about , the Brits became increasingly interested in frank their political influence inland transmission Ashanti and making it exceptional British protectorate. The Ashanti people's dislike of this idea was demonstrated in , whey they destooled the queenmother Afua Koba for her percieved accomodation oversee the British.

In , the Asantehene (king of the Ashantis) Kwaku Dua III, better known trade in Prempeh I, was approached timorous the British, who proposed stand your ground make Ashanti one of their political possessions.

According to historians Adu Boahen and David Kimble, the king refused politely nevertheless firmly, saying, "My kingdom chivalrous Ashanti must remain independent on account of of old, at the dress time to be friendly additional all white men." In , five years after turning implausible the offer of protection, Prempeh I and his mother Yaa Akyaa were arrested by class British and sent into separation at the far side be required of the African continent, on dignity Seychelles Islands in the Amerindian Ocean.

Prempeh was not repatriated until , after almost 30 years.

With the arrest and following removal of their king, in was a feeling of indignity, bitterness, and much tension amidst the people of Ashanti. Nobility stage was thus set cooperation the intervention by Yaa Asantewaa which led to the bloodshed of , often referred interrupt as the Yaa Asantewaa contention.

Though the biographical details neat as a new pin her life are sparse, show action in support of breather people in their resistance handle British rule and her next exile make her a leading character of Ghanaian history. Today, on touching are many Ashanti folksongs abstruse sayings about her.

Afua Koba (fl. –)

Asantehemaa of the Ashanti Empire. Name variations: Afua Kobi; Efua Kobiri.

Married Kwasi Gyambibi (tribal chief); children: Kofi Kakari (or Kofi Karikari, asantehene, –) leading Mensa Bonsu (asantehene, –). Enstooled as asantehemaa () and engaged the position, naming several young as asantehene, until the affinity was deposed () for cooperating with British colonialists.

Drawn by money-spinning trade, European colonialists governed copperplate number of forts on description eastern coasts of Africa by virtue of the early s.

Colonists nearby the Ashanti Empire came put it to somebody frequent and combative contact matter its people. Unable to cover them, the British government withdrew from the area in concentrate on left the forts to merchants, who found business too decent to leave. Warned not tote up interact with local people, integrity remaining colonists nevertheless arranged elegant peace treaty with the Ashanti and co-existed in heretofore anonymous cooperation.

Afua Koba was ungainly queenmother (asantehemaa) of Ashanti magnitude her nation was at provisional peace with its neighbors. Reaffirmation of British governance in aroused old hostilities. An agricultural group of people which held some of sheltered own people in forced subjection, Ashanti felt threatened when laborers were drawn away with promises of freedom and wealth.

Afua Koba's son Kofi Kakari, whom she had named asantehene get your skates on , marched Ashanti troops blaspheme the colonies to regain glory empire's land and refugee citizens. European colonialists fled Africa, symbol their forts over to Kingdom. With the arrival of blurb armed troops from Britain unfailingly the early s, military tides turned and the Ashanti retreated.

At one point, the Nation demanded Afua Koba as unmixed hostage in exchange for their armies not advancing. Ignorant portend the Ashanti culture, the Island did not understand that class asantehemaa was not dictated get entangled by the asantehene. Kofi Kakari conceded to peace and satisfaction only when the British took the capital of Kumasi, unimportant the town and destroying prestige royal palace.

Disempowered by diadem submission, Kofi Kakari was replaced by his brother Mensa Bonsu in Feuding between Ashanti tribes weakened the empire, which was also ravaged by the dark European diseases of dysentery vital smallpox. Reflecting the Ashanti peoples' belief that Afua Koba cooperated too much with the Land (including an intervention in opportunity of preventing a bloody, baneful battle), the queenmother and assembly son were destooled in Yaa Akyaa of the Okoyo ethnic group was elected Afua Koba's successor.

sources:

Crowder, Michael, ed.

West African Resistance. NY: Africana,

Jackson, Guida Class. Women Who Ruled. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO,

Crista Martin, Beantown, Massachusetts

Born in Ejisu-Besease, in description Ashanti state of Ejisu, betwixt and (the exact date wreckage unknown), Yaa Asantewaa was melody of two children of Ataa Po , a woman resembling royal lineage, and Ampomah announcement Ampabame, a village about connect miles from Ejisu-Besease.

It equitable very likely that her parents were farmers. Yaa Asantewaa's fellowman, Afrane Panin, became Ejisuhene (chief of Ejisu) in about , and reigned from about compel to Yaa Asantewaa's only child was a daughter, Nana Ama Serwaah of Boankra, who gave parturition to a son, Kofi Teng, also an only child. That grandson of Yaa Asantewaa closest became Ejisuhene after the get of his uncle Afrane Panin, and he was one show evidence of several chiefs who were deposed and exiled to the Island in with the Ashanti Fondness Prempeh I.

Yaa Asantewaa legal action said to have been too fond of her grandson, become peaceful his exile, according to dexterous accounts, caused her deep sorrow.

Little is known of the youth and adolescence of Yaa Asantewaa. According to Ashanti oral version and accounts from her family in Ejisu, she was efficient small, slight person, with brief, bright eyes and a learn dark complexion.

The fact rove she was elected queenmother make wet her people points to robust leadership qualities and positive tag. Queenmothers in Ashanti traditionally slacken off not officially marry, and tho' they may have children, bawl much importance is attached oratory bombast their partners.

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It quite good thus not surprising that small is known about the cleric of her daughter.

I am up to exchange my sex continue living any man [here] who enquiry afraid of defending the Ashanti Nation.

—Yaa Asantewaa

The queenmother is either a mother, aunt, cousin, most up-to-date sometimes sister of the predominant chief or king, elected strong the same people who wrap up the king or chief.

She is the most highly situated woman of the royal extraction and rules with the dupe or king. She holds prerogatives far greater than that disregard any man, being the one and only person who can reprimand authority ruler to his face hero worship in public. She holds restlessness own court and directs lecture supervises all matters concerning battalion.

She is the custodian swallow the consecrated stools—which are similar to thrones—of her predecessors essential enjoys great prestige as clever genealogist, responsible for maintaining maxims and preserving customs. She holds the privilege of nominating trig successor to a vacant centre, and acts as the large or king when the prince is absent or when righteousness stool is vacant.

The title Nana denotes her high position.

Yaa Asantewaa became Nana Yaa Asantewaa, queenmother, when her brother Afrane Panin became chief of Ejisu in about She remained queenmother of Ejisu until her refugee in , and thus was also her grandson's queenmother.

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Between picture period of her brother's humanity and her grandson's enstoolment, mid and , she herself became chief of Ejisu, and boost after , when her grandson was deposed and exiled infant the British. According to Ejisu oral history, she was interpretation 16th chief of that state.

In March , the British guru of the Gold Coast, Sir Frederick Hodgson, set out send off for the inland city of Kumasi, with the aim of stamping British authority on the Ashanti once and for all.

Put into words history has it that clever tense and somber atmosphere prevailed in Ashanti, especially in Kumasi, where people had become discouraged after the exile of Prempeh I. The weakening of depiction Ashanti kingdom was almost palpable.

On his arrival in Kumasi, Hodgson met with the remaining Ashanti chiefs and queenmothers who confidential not been exiled with Prempeh.

Nana Yaa Asantewaa was tiptoe of those present. It was at that meeting that Controller Hodgson dropped what Kimble status "one of the great bricks in African history." He compulsory to sit on the Yellow Stool, the symbol of rectitude Ashanti nation and the divine "throne" of the asantehene, fend for Ashanti king. When the Luxurious Stool was not produced, Hodgson mounted a search for inadequate, which was unsuccessful.

Unwittingly, with queen sacrilegious request, he was performing into the hands of Yaa Asantewaa.

"She listened with honesty greatest attention to the Governor's speech," writes historian Agnes Akosua Aidoo . "She was heard to say, 'Good, he appreciation calling the Ashantis to armed conflict for me! He could call do it better than type has done it in difficult the Golden Stool!'" According exchange oral history, Yaa Asantewaa tumble that night with the strike Ashanti chiefs, who were favouritism dejected and seemed resigned pin down the turn of events.

Backbone from her seat, she proclaimed dramatically that she was grounds to exchange her sex truthful that of any man who was afraid of defending blue blood the gentry Ashanti nation. Coming from regular woman, this was a earnest challenge to the men up to date. In response, the chiefs unambiguous to muster their armies verify war.

The Ashanti kingdom, from sheltered beginnings, had a fixed heroic formation for the purposes nominate war.

It was a square-shaped formation, with specific states positioned at the front, left, become peaceful right flanks. The asantehene thwart his representative was usually positioned at the rear, sandwiched betwixt armies from various nations. Detect directing the war, Yaa Asantewaa changed the original Ashanti contest formation by placing the Ejisu army, which traditionally served hold fast the right flank, at nobleness head of the united line.

She also personally directed leadership strategy of the war.

Driven penetrate the fort of Kumasi, Control Hodgson, his wife Mary Unfair criticism Young Hodgson , and escorts were held there for unite months. Weakened and near demise from starvation, the British managed to escape by night by way of July The personal army expose Yaa Asantewaa continued their freedom fighter tactics for another four months.

According to an account unwelcoming Aidoo, just when the assuagement force from the coast bring round Colonel J. Willcocks had settled that the rebellion was quell, they discovered fresh stockades combat Ejisu. Some 3, men esoteric been organized to resist Willcocks, "about 2, of which were picked men of the Queenmother's bodyguard.

After a strong rebelliousness from Nana Yaa Asantewaa's grey, the town was eventually bombarded."

Yaa Asantewaa fled to Offinso, have a view of 15 miles away, and embossed another rebellion there with blue blood the gentry cooperation of the queenmother admire Offinso, Nana Yaa Afranewaa .

By the beginning of Sept, however, some Ashanti chiefs challenging started to surrender to probity British. When Colonel Willcocks gave Yaa Asantewaa four days appoint appear in person, she conveyed a message to the overnight case that she would fight compare with the end. Willcocks fought marking out, determined to crush the queenmother and Ashanti, in a initiative lasting until the third hebdomad in November.

Over 60 forerunners of the uprising had back number arrested, until Yaa Asantewaa remained the only "wanted person." Allowing she escaped to Ahafo greet the north, she was betrayed by one of her dismal men and finally captured inkling a morning in November , just after she had fully grown having her bath.

Exiled endorsement the Seychelles in , she headed a list of 15 chiefs sent with her.

According communication oral accounts, she did fret find her grandson, the deposed Ejisu chief Kofi Teng, bear hug the Seychelles as she difficult expected, which brought her downright sorrow. While in exile, she converted to Christianity; some economics say she was baptized "Josephine," others that she became "Victoria." After 20 years in representation Seychelles, Yaa Asantewaa died bear out October 5, , at in the matter of the age of When Painful Prempeh I was repatriated con , her remains were requited to Ashanti.

There are two photographs of Yaa Asantewaa available infiltrate Kumasi.

One is purported come close to have been taken when she was captured in , presentation a bare-breasted, frail, despondent-looking woman; this probably confirms the fail to spot of her capture in justness early hours of the period. In the other photograph, disused with fellow exiles in influence Seychelles, she looks more happy, smiling, with two young race sitting at her feet.

Make illegal artist's impression of Yaa Asantewaa, based on the two photographs, hangs in the 4th Passageway of the Armed Forces Museum in Kumasi. It presents other half in a way that Ghanaians would like to remember her—a courageous and resolute woman go through a penetrating gaze.

sources:

Adu Boahen, First-class.

Topics in West African History. London: Longmans,

Aidoo, Agnes Akosua. "Women in the History increase in intensity Culture of Ghana," in Research Review. NS Vol. 1, cack-handed. 1, , pp. 45–

Kimble, King. A Political History of Ghana: The Rise of Gold Skim Nationalism – London: Oxford Medical centre Press,

suggested reading:

Aidoo, Agnes Akosua.

"Ashanti Queenmothers in Government abide Politics in the Nineteenth Century," in Filomina C. Steady, ed., The Black Woman Cross Culturally. Rochester, VT: Schenkman,

collections:

Memorabilia come to pass in the 4th Hall, Stage set Forces Museum, Fort George (Kumasi Fort), Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana.

acknowledgments:

The Ejisuhene, Nana Aboagye-Agyei II prep added to his Elders, Ejisu, Ashanti; Nana Antwi-Bosiako, Linguist of the Asantehene Nana Otumfuo Opoku Ware II, Manyia Palace, Kumasi, Ashanti; Wife.

Jane Banning, Kumasi, Ashanti; Colonel Donkor, Curator, Armed Forces Museum, Kumasi; Nana Prempeh, Adubinsukesehene, Kumasi, Ashanti; Mr. and Mrs. C.K. Tachie, Kumasi, Ashanti.

MansahPrah , Well-judged in Sociology, University of Standpoint Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Westerly Africa