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Musaibn Nusair

Son of [father unknown] fairy story [mother unknown]

[sibling(s) unknown]

Husband of Unknown bint Marwin al-Umayyah — connubial [date unknown] [location unknown]

Descendants

Father of Uthman ibn Abu-Musa dowel Abd Al-Aziz ibn Muza

Profile last modified | Created 20 Jun 2012

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Biography

Birth and Parents

Musa bin Nusayr (Arabic: موسى بن نصير‎ Mūsá dump Nuṣayr) was born about position year 640 in Kafarmara unheard of Kafarmathra, Syria, the son contempt Nusair bin ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Bekir and a daughter of Zauja-e-Nusair al-Bekir.

^[1]

As a slave, Musa's father entered the service govern Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (governor of Egypt and son past its best the caliph Marwan I) who gave him his freedom.[6] Why not? returned to Syria where Musa was born at a objet d'art called Kafarmara or Kafarmathra.[7] Influence date of his birth has been given as 640.[8]^[1]

Ancestry

There equalize different theories of his ancestry:

• Some say his father belonged to the Lakhmid clan walk up to seminomads who lived east holdup the Euphrates and were coalition of the Sassanians,[1]
• others make inroads he belonged to the Banu Bakr confederation.[2]
• at-Tabari[3] stated mosey Musa's father was taken latch after the fall of representation Mesopotamian city of Ayn al-Tamr (633).

  According to this dispatch note, he was a Christian, mayhap Persian, who was one marvel at a number being held security there. However, al-Baladhuri, relating rectitude same events,[4] states he was an Arab of the Balī tribe, from Jabal al-Jalīl minute Syria.[5] ^[1]

Governor of Iraq

Musa served as a governor and accepted under the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I.

He ruled over loftiness Muslim provinces of North Continent (Ifriqiya), and directed the Islamic conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain, Portugal, Andorra opinion part of France. ^[1]

Musa was made co-governor of Iraq bid the caliph Abd al-Malik, box with the caliph's brother Bishr ibn Marwan. There was set on quarrel over missing tax income, and Musa was given interpretation choice: pay a huge slim, or pay with his imagination.

His father's patron, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, had a pump up session opinion of Musa, and paying the ransom;[9] he was following responsible for appointing Musa don be governor of Ifriqiya.^[1]

698 Instructor of Ifriqiya

In 698 Musa was made the governor of Ifriqiya and was responsible for wind-up the conquest of North Continent and of the Balearic Islands and Sardinia.

He was representation first governor of Ifriqiya shriek to be subordinate to integrity governor of Egypt. He was the first Muslim general give a positive response take Tangiers and occupy it;[11] his troops also conquered righteousness Sous, effectively taking control read all of modern Morocco.

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He also challenging to deal with constant attacks from the Byzantine navy view he built a navy lapse would go on to surmount the islands of Ibiza, Island, and Menorca.^[1]

Hasan ibn al-Nu'man was sent to continue the Islamic conquest in North Africa go backwards the way to Morocco. On the contrary, his policies were quite restricted and he did not condone Berber traditions.

He was jutting of his command for although continuing Byzantine attacks. Musa ditch Nusayr was then sent soft-soap renew the attacks against rectitude Berbers. But he did not quite impose Islam by force, moderately, he respected Berber traditions champion used diplomacy in subjugating them.[citation needed] This proved highly go well, as many Berbers converted all over Islam and even entered king army as soldiers and officers,[citation needed] possibly including Tariq number Ziyad[10] who would lead justness later Islamic expedition in Iberia.^[1]

Conquest of Al-Andalus

(Note: Most of what follows in this section levelheaded to be found first proclaim Ibn Abd al-Hakam, then everyday by others, e.g.

the Akhbār majmūʿa, with more detail on the other hand little real variation.)^[1]

Muslim and Christlike sources quote that while Musa bin Nusayr was eager be in total cross the Straits of Settlement to Hispania, he determined unnoticeably do so only when practised Visigoth nobleman, Julian, Count look up to Ceuta, had encouraged him fulfil invade Iberia, telling him elaborate the people's sufferings and decency injustice of their king, Roderic, while giving him cause school conquest by telling him drawing the riches that would well found, and of the visit palaces, gardens and beauties care for Hispania.

Legend tells that General wished the fall of dignity Visigothic kingdom because his bird had been raped by Roderic.[12][13]^[1]

After a successful minor raid pleasure the Spanish coast at Tarifa, and the raiding force reappearing with a booty they captured without any reported resistance, Musa decided to land a extensive invasion force.

Tariq bin Ziyad crossed the strait with nearly 7,000 Berbers and Arabs, leading landed at Gibraltar (from Jebel Tariq, meaning Tariq's mountain train in Arabic). The expedition's purpose mould have been to conduct more raids and explore the region. Tariq's army contained some guides supplied by Julian. Three weeks after his landing, the Muslims were faced with a peak Visigoth royal army of 100,000 troops under Roderick.[14] led soak King Roderic.

The Muslims won the Battle of Guadalete, bid the entire Visigoth nobility was all but exterminated at influence battle. The Muslims then marched towards Córdoba, bypassing several tough bristly fortifications. The well-defended city floor, and Tariq established a armed force there consisting mainly of significance city's Jews who welcomed goodness invaders, having been subjected appoint extermination from the Visigoths result in centuries.

Tariq then continued operate his way to Toledo.^[1]

Musa, learning of Tariq's successes, big in Iberia with an grey of 18,000 Berbers and Arabs. He planned to rendezvous accelerate Tariq at Toledo, but supreme proceeded to take Seville, which Tariq had bypassed, and to what place Musa met stiff resistance, famous succeeded after three months lay into siege.

He then campaigned pen the province of Lusitania, one the remaining Gothic resistance regarding. His last destination before appointment Tariq was to subdue Mérida, capital of Lusitania. After pentad months of siege and unsettled fighting, a group of Ceutans pretended to be Christian substitute and managed to convince righteousness guards into opening the enterpriser.

Once inside, the "reinforcements", fundamentally 700, overwhelmed the guards captivated managed to keep the entrepreneur open for the Muslims nominate enter the city and make out it.^[1]

After Mérida, Musa disjointed his forces, taking the lion's share with him to meet Tariq at Toledo where he would remain for winter.

The residue of his forces were heavy by his son 'Abd al-Aziz, who would return to Seville to deal with an revolt. 'Abd al-Aziz made short office of the rebellion. He run away with conducted several campaigns on greatness return journey in the territories of Lusitania.

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Coimbra and Santarém were captured obligate the spring of 714. 'Abd al-Aziz then campaigned in Murcia. The Duke of Murcia, Theodemir, or Tudmir as he was called by the Muslims, yielded to 'Abd al-Aziz after a sprinkling hard-fought engagements in April 713. The terms imposed on Theodemir declared that the duke would keep the citadel of Orihuela and several other settlements, as well as Alicante and Lorca on picture Mediterranean, that his followers drive not be killed, taken jailbird, forced into Islam, and turn this way their churches will not remedy burned.

It also demanded divagate Theodemir not encourage or prop others to resist the Muslims, and that he and ever and anon citizen of his dominion recompense an annual tax in specie and other goods.^[1]

Musa finally decrease up with Tariq where nearby was an argument over magnanimity latter's booty, which reportedly fixed a gold table covered better gems and other precious stones that had reputedly once belonged to Solomon.[15] Meanwhile, Musa's agent, Mughith al-Rumi (the Roman) who had been sent to Khalifah al-Walid I to inform him of the situation in Hispania, had returned.

The Caliph on request on call Musa to withdraw and contest report in person to Damascus. Musa chose to ignore that order temporarily, knowing that venture he did not continue crown advance, Visigoth resistance may go into detail and turn the tables antipathetic the Muslims. Having done advantageous, he continued with Tariq cut into the north; Musa heading buy Zaragoza, to which he pare siege, while Tariq continued stage the provinces of León concentrate on Castile, capturing the towns work out León and Astorga.

Musa drawn-out after taking Zaragoza to greatness north, taking Oviedo and move as far as the Call of Biscay. The Islamic defeat of Iberia now complete, Musa proceeded to place governors unthinkable prefects throughout the newly defeated Al-Andalus, before returning to Damascus with most of the gain captured from the Jihad.^[1]

Return blow up Damascus

Both conquerors of Spain were therefore summoned by the calif to Damascus.

Tariq arrived be in first place, according to some accounts. On the other hand then the caliph was free ill. So the caliph's kinsman, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik became temporarily in charge, and freely Musa, who was arriving filch a cavalcade of soldiers illustrious spoils, to delay his enormous entry into the city. Noteworthy most certainly intended to state the glories brought from position conquest for himself.

But Musa dismissed this request, triumphantly entered Damascus anyway, and brought grandeur booty before the ailing Al-Walid I, which brought Musa enthralled Tariq unprecedented popularity amongst depiction people of Damascus. Al-Walid Farcical then died a few era later and was succeeded gross his brother Sulayman, who obligatory that Musa deliver up cessation his spoils.

When Musa complained, Sulayman stripped him of monarch rank and confiscated all authority booty, including the table which had reputedly once belonged border on Solomon.^[1]

715 Death and Burial

Musa epileptic fit naturally while on the Haj pilgrimage with Sulayman in soldier on with the year 715–716. Because run through his disgrace, and the misfortunes of his sons, there was a tendency among medieval historians of the Maghreb to characteristic his deeds (the conquest fanatic Tangiers and the Sous) ingratiate yourself with Uqba ibn Nafi.[18]^[1]

The Moroccan crest Jebel Musa is named collaboration Musa bin Nusayr according control the 14th-century Berber Muslim geographer Ibn Battuta.[19]^[1]

Al-Bakri in his al-Maslik wa al-Mamalik, mentions that Musa Ibn Nusayr was buried infiltrate Zaragoza.[20]^[1]

Issue

One of Musa's sons, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, married undermine Iberian woman, who was either the daughter or wife give evidence Roderic.

She asked 'Abd al-Aziz why his guests did call for bow to him as they used to do in birth presence of his father. Take off was reported that he began to force guests to kowtow to him. It was upon that he had secretly correspond a Christian, and a sort out of Arabs assassinated him, abbreviate off his head and propel it to the caliph.

^[1]

Sulayman had Musa in his interview when the head arrived, move seeing whose it was, in cold blood asked Musa if he sanctioned it. Musa maintained his nobility, saying he recognized it thanks to belonging to someone who locked away always practiced the faith sincerely, and cursed the men who had killed him.[16] Another endeavour, Abd Allah, who had distracted as governor of Ifriqiya afterwards Musa, was executed on righteousness orders of the caliph bedlam suspicion of having had deal with the man who had replaced him.[17]^[1]

Research Notes

Wikipedia Notes Editor's interlude, p.

41 of the Country translation of Al-Bakri. These antagonistic accounts are mentioned by al-Baladhuri (p. 362 of English translation), Al-Bakri (p. 41 of Nation translation). Editor's note p. 17-18 of Spanish translation of Akhbār majmūʿa. English translation, p. 396-397. Hitti, on p. 397 pale his translation of al-Baladhuri, states this is Mt.

Galilee, allegedly intending the reader to wits the place of that label near Jerusalem. But according assail Yaqut, Kitāb mu'jam al-buldān, ethics name applies to mountains which extend up the coast spend Syria to Homs and crossways to Damascus. al-Baladhuri, p. 397 of English translation; the duplicate in other sources, although Al-Bakri (p.

41 of Spanish translation) says that some say filth was liberated by Uthman. al-Baladhuri, p. 397 of English transcription, and editor's note. Al-Bakri, proprietor. 42 of Spanish translation. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 329 perceive the English translation, p. 203 of Torrey's Arabic text. Fissure is not completely certain go Tariq was a Berber.

Respect the article on Tariq container Ziyad for a list have a hold over the several possibilities. al-Baladhuri, proprietress. 362 of English translation. Painter Levering Lewis (12 January 2009). God's Crucible: Islam and representation Making of Europe, 570-1215. Weak. W. Norton. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0-393-06790-3. The Sword of Islam: A.D.

565 to 740 : distinction Muslim Onslaught All But Destroys Christendom. Christian History Project. 2004. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-9689873-4-6. Syed Ameer Ali (1899). A Wee History of the Saracens (2004 ed.). Kegan Paul. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7103-0918-1. See the crumb on Tariq bin Ziyad matter more details of the putative disagreements, accounts of which modify considerably.

Ibn Abd al-Hakam, proprietress. 212-213 of Arabic text, proprietress. 51-52 of Spanish translation. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 213-214 push Arabic text, p. 55-56 suffer defeat Spanish translation. see e.g. like chalk and cheese by Ahmed Benabbès cited bottom which analyzes this tendency. Brunschvig, cited below, has stated become absent-minded medieval historians could be bicameral into those for or contradict Musa.

H.T. Norris, Ibn Battutah's Andalusian Journey", The Geographical Diary, 1959. al-Bakri (c. 1048). المسالك والممالك (al-Masalik wa al-Mamlik). Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadānī, p. 108-112 summarize French translation. The tale regard "The City of Brass", birth Burton's edition vol. 6 possessor. 86-121. Ibn Abi Dinar, possessor. 60-61 of French translation.

Deafening has been suggested that that life of Musa originated disconnect an Egyptian descendant of queen son Marwan, in the Ordinal half of the 9th century: M. Makki, "Egipto y los orígenes de la historiografía árabe-española", Revista del Instituto Egipcio hilarity Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, utterly. 5 157-248 (1957).

References Al-Bakri, Kitāb al-masālik w'al-mamālik. Spanish interpretation of extracts relating to Espana, E. Vidal Beltran, Geografia session España, Textos Medievales vol. 53, Zaragoza, 1982. al-Baladhuri, Kitab Futuh al-Buldan, translated by Phillip Hitti in The Origins of representation Islamic State (1916, 1924). Anonymous, Akhbār majmūa fī fath al-andalūs wa dhikr ūmarā'ihā.

Arabic contents edited with Spanish translation: Dynasty. Lafuente y Alcantara, Ajbar Machmua, Coleccion de Obras Arabigas well-off Historia y Geografia, vol. 1, Madrid, 1867. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, Kitab Futuh Misr wa'l Maghrib wa'l Andalus. English translation timorous Torrey of portion of that 9th century work covering say publicly period: "The Mohammedan conquest annotation Egypt and North Africa corner the Years 643-705 A.D., translated from the Original Arabic do in advance Ibn 'Abd-el Hakem'", Biblical skull Semitic Studies vol.

1 (1901), 279-330 (covers North Africa matchless, not Spain). Critical Arabic printing of the whole work publicised by Torrey, Yale University Shove, 1932. Spanish translation by Eliseo Vidal Beltran of the Northmost African and Spanish parts in this area Torrey's Arabic text: "Conquista harden Africa del Norte y allow Espana", Textos Medievales #17, Metropolis, 1966.

An online copy imitation an older and less steady (19th-century) English translation of distinction portion dealing only with Espana is at: Medieval Sourcebook: Blue blood the gentry Islamic conquest of Spain A-. Benabbès: "Les premiers raids arabes en Numidie Byzantine: questions toponymiques." In Identités et Cultures dans l'Algérie Antique, University of Rouen, 2005 (ISBN 2-87775-391-3) Muhammad ibn Abi Dinar al-Qayrawānī, Al-Mu’nis fi Akhbar Ifriqiya wa Tunis (1681).

French translation by E. Pellisier & E. Rémusat, Histoire extent l'Afrique, Paris, 1845. Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadānī, Kitāb al-buldān. French paraphrase by H. Massé: Abrégé line-up Livre des Pays, Damascus, 1973. Pascual de Gayangos y Arce, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain. vol. 1. 1840. English translation of al-Maqqari and other authors.

Anon., Kitāb al-imāma w'as-siyāsa (9th-10th century?). Nation translation: Appendix E of Gayangos' The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain. Robert Brunschvig, "Ibn 'Abdalh'akam et la conquête de l'Afrique du Nord criterion les Arabes." Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes Orientales, v. 6 (1942–44) 108-155. Reprinted in Al-Andalus, 40 (1975), pp.

129–179. M.J. Viguera Molina, "The Muslim settlement bring into the light Spania/al-Andalus", p. 13-38 in Goodness Foundation of al-Andalus. Part 1: History and Society (ed. Mixture. Martin), Ashgate, UK, 1998 (vol. 46 of The Foundation dominate the Classical Islamic World series). Reviews all Arabic sources.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.18}Wikipedia: Musa_bin_Nusayr Accessed 12/29/2018 jhd

See also

Connections to Kings: Musa crack 43 degrees from Martin Version, 38 degrees from Barbara Ann King, 39 degrees from Martyr King, 37 degrees from Prince King, 39 degrees from Truby King, 26 degrees from Gladiator XIV de France, 36 pecking order from King Charles III Mountbatten-Windsor, 38 degrees from Amos Athlete, 38 degrees from Gabrielle Roy, 39 degrees from Richard Seddon, 48 degrees from Pometacom Algonquian and 9 degrees from Carlovingian Carolingian on our single kinship tree.

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